THE INFLUENCE OF WOMEN'S LEGAL STATUS ON THE FORMATION OF THEIR GENDER IDENTITY IN THE PERIOD FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY (USING THE EXAMPLE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UPPER CLASSES IN RUSSIA)

Abstract

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problems of the legal status of women and its influence on the formation of Russian female gender identity in the period from the Middle Ages to the revolutionary events of the early twentieth century. Methods. The methodology of the work is based on an integrated approach, including structural-functional and problem-chronological research methods. The research is based on the use of the method of scientific analysis and consideration of issues within the framework of the problemchronological method. Analysis. The article examines the influence of the legal status of women in Russia on the formation of their gender identity based on an analysis of key normative acts (Russkaya Pravda, the Judicial Codes of 1497 and 1550, the Cathedral Code, the Code of Laws of the Russian Empire), as well as significant literary monuments, the content of which reflected the position of women in society (A Lesson to the children of Vladimir Vsevolodovich, Domostroy). Results. The key regulators of the position of women in society until the beginning of the twentieth century were both legislative acts and religious norms. Formal norms regulated, to a greater extent, the position and status of women in society, while religious norms, closely related to morality and morality, noted the specifics of a woman's position in the family. Russian women's gender identity was formed under the influence of women's limited legal status in comparison with men. The complete or partial disenfranchisement of women in the political, economic and social life of the country was reflected in their perception and position in the family and society, making it an object of subordination to men and their opposition.